PDF de programación - Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert

CISCO CERTIFIED INTERNETWORK EXPERT

CCIE

Francisco Valencia Arribas
Cisco CCNP/CCDP Certified
www.francisco-valencia.es

Francisco Valencia Arribas

Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert

ÍNDICE

1 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................................... 1-8

2 CONCEPTOS DE NETWORKING ................................................................................................... 2-9
2.1 MODELO DE REFERENCIA OSI................................................................................................. 2-9
2.2 ENCAPSULACIÓN ....................................................................................................................... 2-9
2.3 SISTEMAS NUMÉRICOS............................................................................................................. 2-9
2.4 MODELO JERÁRQUICO DE REDES......................................................................................... 2-10
2.5 DISPOSITIVOS BÁSICOS DE NETWORKING ......................................................................... 2-10
2.5.1 Hubs y repetidores................................................................................................................................ 2-11
2.5.2 Bridges y switches L2........................................................................................................................... 2-11
2.5.3 Routers y switches L3........................................................................................................................... 2-11
2.6 CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS PROTOCOLOS DE ROUTING ....................................................... 2-11
2.6.1 Rutas estáticas...................................................................................................................................... 2-12
2.6.2 Protocolos dinámicos............................................................................................................................ 2-13
2.6.3 Protocolos interiores o exteriores .......................................................................................................... 2-13
2.6.4 Protocolos de vector de distancia .......................................................................................................... 2-13
2.6.5 Protocolos de estado de enlace.............................................................................................................. 2-15
2.6.6 Protocolos híbridos............................................................................................................................... 2-15
2.6.7 Protocolos jerárquicos y protocolos planos............................................................................................ 2-15
2.6.8 Protocolos classless y protocolos classful.............................................................................................. 2-16
2.7 SUMARIZACION........................................................................................................................ 2-16
3 CONFIGURACIÓN BÁSICA DE EQUIPOS CISCO...................................................................... 3-17
3.1 ROUTERS CISCO ....................................................................................................................... 3-17
3.1.1 Configuración hardware de un router .................................................................................................... 3-17
3.1.2 Proceso de arranque de un router........................................................................................................... 3-18
3.1.3 Router modes ....................................................................................................................................... 3-18
3.1.4 Operaciones básicas en un router .......................................................................................................... 3-19
Password................................................................................................................................................3-19
Password recovery..................................................................................................................................3-19
Manipulación de ficheros de configuración .............................................................................................3-19
Accesos al router....................................................................................................................................3-20
Comandos de verificación show y debug.................................................................................................3-20
Error Message Logging ..........................................................................................................................3-21
3.2 CONFIGURACIÓN BÁSICA DE UN SWITCH CISCO.............................................................. 3-21
3.2.1 Switched port Analyzer (SPAN) ........................................................................................................... 3-22
3.2.2 Route Processors .................................................................................................................................. 3-23
4 LAN.................................................................................................................................................... 4-24
4.1 DIRECCIONAMIENTO MAC..................................................................................................... 4-24
4.2 TECNOLOGÍA ETHERNET........................................................................................................ 4-24
4.2.1 Ethernet MAC y LLC (capa 2 OSI)....................................................................................................... 4-24
4.2.2 Modos de transmisión........................................................................................................................... 4-25
4.2.3 Cambio tecnológico 10, 100 y 1000 Mbps............................................................................................. 4-26
Fast Ethernet..........................................................................................................................................4-26
Gigabit Ethernet.....................................................................................................................................4-26
10 Gigabit Ethernet ................................................................................................................................4-26
4.2.4 Medio físico Ethernet (cableado)........................................................................................................... 4-26
4.3 TOKEN RING.............................................................................................................................. 4-27
4.3.1 Formato de la trama Token Ring........................................................................................................... 4-27
4.3.2 Prioridad Token Ring ........................................................................................................................... 4-28
4.3.3 Active monitor (AM)............................................................................................................................ 4-28
4.3.4 Beaconing ............................................................................................................................................ 4-28
4.3.5 Early token release (ETR)..................................................................................................................... 4-29
4.3.6 Ring insertion....................................................................................................................................... 4-29

3.1.4.1
3.1.4.2
3.1.4.3
3.1.4.4
3.1.4.5
3.1.4.6

4.2.3.1
4.2.3.2
4.2.3.3

1-2

Francisco Valencia Arribas

Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert

5.1.1.1
5.1.1.2
5.1.1.3
5.1.1.4
5.1.1.5
5.1.1.6

4.4 WIRELESS LAN.......................................................................................................................... 4-29
5 SWITCHING ..................................................................................................................................... 5-30
5.1 TRANSPARENT BRIDGING...................................................................................................... 5-30
5.1.1 Spanning-Tree Protocol ........................................................................................................................ 5-30
Funcionamiento......................................................................................................................................5-31
Temporizadores......................................................................................................................................5-32
Proceso al ocurrir un error en la red.........................................................................................................5-32
Tipos de STP..........................................................................................................................................5-32
Escalado de STP.....................................................................................................................................5-33
Configuración de STP ............................................................................................................................5-33
5.1.2 Concurrent routing and bridging (CRB) ................................................................................................ 5-34
5.1.3 Integrated routing and bridging (IRB) ................................................................................................... 5-34
5.2 SOURCE-ROUTE BRIDGING (SRB).......................................................................................... 5-34
5.2.1 Source-route transparent bridging (SRT)...............................